In this new lesson we will enter into more details as it is very much used.
Listen to this passage carefully a couple of time then read it aloud.
" Nejat'ın babası çok iyi ve değerli bir adammış. Ankara'da oturuyormuş. Dün Nejat bir telegram almış.Telegrafta " Babam çok hasta, acele gel" diyorlarmiş. Tabii Nejat çok üzülmüş. Derhal Ankara'ya hareket etmiş. İstasyonda Hasan'ı görmüş ama konuşmamış, yalnız selam vermiş, çünkü çok heyecanlıymış. Acele acele gidiyormuş."
VOCABULARY/VOCABOLARIO
Değerli: Valuable - stimato
Selam vermek : To greet - salutare
üzülmek: To be sorry - dispiacersi
Heyecanlı: Excited - eccitato
Oturmak: Here: to live (to sit) - Abitare, sedere, sedersi.
GRAMMATICAL NOTES
The REPORTED PAST, or Belirsiz geçmiş zaman is use to express actions reportedly occurred in the past according to the pattern "It seems that...." or similar expressions.
This tense is generally used while reporting actions or events in which the teller was not a direct witness.
The REPORTED PAST is obtained by adding specific suffixes to the infinitive stem (infinitive without -MEK or -MAK).
It is of great importance to point out as from now that those suffixes are used to build other tenses in which the idea of reported action is given.
These suffixes are -miş -müş -mış -muş depending on the verb.
Rounded verb ( infinitives ending in -MEK) take -miş or -müş as unrounded verb (infinitives ending in -MAK) take -mış or muş.
The choice depends on the dominant vowel of the stem.
To sum up:
AFFIRMATIVE FORM
- Stem dominant vowel: -i -e Suffix: -miş
- Stem dominant vowel: -ü -ö Suffix: -müş
- Stem dominant vowel: -a -ı Suffix: -mış
- Stem dominant vowel: -u -o Suffix: -muş
The choiche of personal suffixes goes by the vowel harmony rule.See Lesson 28 as the suffixes are the same as Simple present tense except for the 3rd person singular where there is no personal suffix to be attached.
A few examples will help uderstand this rule:
He (reportedly) went to Ankara: O Ankara'ya gitmiş
They (reportedly) died in a car accident: Onlar bir yol kazasında ölmüşler
It seems that you arrived late: Siz geç varmışsınız
NEGATIVE FORM
Lıkewise the other tenses a "m" is to be attached between the infnitive stem and the past suffix.
Examples:
They (reportedly) have not arrived yet: Onlar henuz gelmemişler
She seems not to have phoned his boss: O müdürüne telefon etmemiş
INTERROGATIVE FORM
The interrogative form is obtained in the same way as the INTERROGATIVE FORM of the Simple present tense.
We will need to add one of the interrogative particles -mi -mı -mü -mu after the verb in reported tense and before the pronominal suffixes (see Lesson 29).
Examples:
Did you (reportedly) see him? Onu görmüş müsün?
Has he (reportedly) arrived? O Gelmiş mi?
INTERROGATIVE- NEGATIVE FORM
Combine together the negative and the interrogative form.
Examples:
Hasn't he (reportedly) arrived? O gelmemiş mi?
Didnit they (reportedly) pay the bill? Hesap odememişler mi?
