This passage tells about Mr. and Mrs. Yenisu and thei activity.
IN THIS LESSON WE WILL FOCUS ON SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE AND ITS USE
" Bay ve Bayan yenisu İstanbul'da otururlar. Bayan Yenisu bir laboratuvarda kimyager, Bay Yenisu bir reklam şirketinde reklamcı olarak çalışır.
Bay Yenisu sık sık iş seyahatine çıkar.Bayan yenisu yalnız kalır, fakat hiç sıkılmaz ve ilginç şeyler bulur.
Bayan Yenisu genellikle caz sever, klasik müsikten hoşlanır ve yabancı filmleri seyreder. Bazen Alman lokantasına gider ve Alman yemekleri yer.Haftada sonlarında tenıs oynar, çok yorulur ve duş alır.
Akşamları uyumadan önce kitap okur. O, genellikle macera kitaplarını sever.Eşi ona her hafta bir kitap satın alır.
Bay Yenisu sabahları erken kalkar,arabasıyla işe gider,çok çalışır ve akşam eve döner.
Akşam yemeğinden sonra, kısa bir süre televizyon seyreder ve sonra uyur.
Onlar Cumartesi akşamları birlikte yemeğe çıkarlar, dans ederler ve arkadaşlarını ziyaret ederler."
Vocabulary/ Vocabolario
Laboratuvar: laboratory - laboratorio
Kimyager : Chemist - chimico
Reklam şirketi: Advertising agency - agenzia pubblcitaria
Sık sık: Often - spesso, di frequente
ış seyahati : Businnes trip
Yalnız kalmak: To stay alone - restare da soli
Caz: jazz
Macera: Adventure - avventura
Yorulmak: To get tired - stancarsi
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GRAMMAR NOTES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
The simple present tense, in Turkish " Geniş Zaman" is used to express indefinite but habitual actions and statements of general validity.
The simple present tense is generally introduced by tipical time expressions such as
- Daima (always)
- Her zaman (every time)
- Her gün (every day)
- Her ay (every month)
- Genellikle (generally)
- Normal olarak (normally)
- Asla (never)
The formation of the simple present tense in Turkish occurs according to the following scheme:
BASE + PRESENT TENSE PARTICLE + PERSONAL SUFFIXES.
The base consists of the infinitive without -MAK or -MEK
The present tense particle to be placed between the base and the personal suffixes is one of the following:
-ir -er -ür for infinitives ending in -MEK
-ar -ır -ur for infinitives ending in -MAK
Once we have clear this important difference the conjugation of the AFFIRMATIVE FORM of the simple present is extremely easy.
A few examples will help better understand thi rule:
Gelmek (to come) >>> Infinitive suffix: -MEK
Base: Gel
Presente tense particle: -ir
Simple Present tense base: Gelir
Now we attach the personal suffixes and the conjugation is done:
I come: Gelirim
You come: Gelirsin
He, She, It comes : Gelir
We come: Geliriz
You come: Gelirsiniz
They come: Gelirler
Now let's conjugate a verb whose infinitive ending is -MAK in simple present tense
Okumak (to read) >>>>>>>Infinitive suffix -MAK
Base: Oku
Present tense particle: -ur (in this case "u" is redundant as the base already ends in "u" so we only attach "r")
Simple present tense base: Okur
Now we attach the personal suffixes and the conjugation is done:
I read: Okurum
You read: Okursun
He, She, It reads: Okur
We read: Okuruz
You read: Okursunuz
They read: Okurlar
Another example: Çalışmak ( To work, to study) >>>>>infinitive suffix -MAK
Base: Çalış
Present tense particle: -ır
Simple present tense base: Çalışır
And again we attach the personal suffixes to get this verb conjugated:
I work: Çalışırım
You work: Çalışırsın
He,She,İt works: Çalışır
We work: Çalışırız
You work: Çalışırsınız
They work: Çalışırlar
It is appropriate to remind you here that the choice of personal suffixes occurs in accordance with the vowel harmony rule as you may have noticed in the examples.
Let's now complete this lesson with a few practical examples.
I read the newspaper every day: Ben her gün gazete okurum
She goes to Turkey every year: O her sene Turkiye're gider.
She works in a big company : O büyük bir şirkette çalışır
They wake up early every morning: Onlar her sabah erken kalkarlar
The NEGATIVE FORM of the simple present tense is obtained by appending to the infinitive base the suffixes -MEZ or -MAZ as in the following chart:
-MEZ for infinitives ending in -MEK
-MAZ for infinitives ending in -MAK
These suffixes are placed between the infinitive base and the personal suffixes.
Let's do a few example:
Gelmek (to come)
Base: Gel
Negative suffix: -MEZ
Now we attach the personal suffixes and the conjugation is piece of cake:
I don't come: Gelmem (*)
You don't come Gelmezsin
He,She, It doesn't come: Gelmez
We don't come: Gelmeyiz (*)
You don't come: Gelmezsiniz
They don't come: Gelmezler
Now let's take a verb ending in -MAK
Almak (to take)
Base: Al
Negative suffix: -MAZ
Again the conjugation is quite simple:
I don't take: Almam (*)
You don't take: Almazsın
He, She, It doesn't take: Almaz
We don't take: Almayız (*)
You don't take: Almazsınız
They don't take: Almazlar
(*) In the 1st person singular and plural the "z" disappears due to an eufonic contraction
