This tense is used to express a wish, a desire.
VOCABULARY/VOCABOLARIO
Yardım: Help - aiuto,soccorso
İlk yardım: First aid- pronto soccorso
Meşgul: Busy- occupato
Tayin olmak: To be assigned - essere assegnato.
Heykel: Statue- statua
İranlı: Iranian- iraniano
Belklemem lazım: I have to wait - devo attendere
Cami: Mosque - moschea
Arkasında: Behind - dietro
İlk defa: First time - prima volta
Yabancı: Stranger,foreigner - straniero
GRAMMAR NOTES
Let's see how to form this tense and its conjugation.
The Subjunctive Mood Sign is -a or -e which is added to the infinitive stem - according to Vowel Harmony Rules: If the bare verb stem ends in a vowel then the Subjunctive Mood Sign becomes -ya or -ye (Uses buffer letter -y-)
The Personal Endings for the Subjunctive mood are as follows:
Subjunctive Mood Sign is -e for verbs whose last vowel is -e, -i, -ö, -ü
Mood Sign -a is used for verbs whose last vowel is -a, -ı, -o, -u
As the Mood Sign is -a or -e - Then it follows that there are only two forms of the Personal Endings as shown above for the Subjunctive (again due to vowel harmony rules).
The Singular Personal suffixes - Subjunctive
-eyim- let me or -ayım- let me-esin - let you or -asın - let you
-e - let him or -a - let him
The Plural Personal suffixes - Subjunctive
-elim- let us or -alım - let us-esiniz - let you or -asınız - let you
-eler- let them or -alar- let them
All the above will use buffer letter -y- when being added to a verb stem ending in a vowel.
Thus -eyim becomes -yeyim [after a vowel] etc
bekleyeyim - [bekle-y-eyim] - let me wait
almayalım - [alma -y -alım] - let us not take
Consequently it can be seen that all negative verbs will have this buffer letter as the negative verb end in a vowel.
Exception:
The third person singular and plural also have an ending suffix -sin and -sinler.This is the same ending used to form the Imperative mode ( Lesson 18 ).INFINITIVE ENDING IN -MEK (E-DOTTED VERBS)
gelmek - to come - becomes - gel-e-yim - I better comegeleyim - let me come, I better come
gelesin - let you come, you should come along
gele - let him come, he should come
gelelim - let us come, we better come
gelesiniz - let you come, you come along
geleler - let them come, they ought to come too
INFINITIVE ENDING IN -MAK (A-DOTTED VERBS)
bakmak - to look - becomes - bak-a-yım - let me look
koşmak - to run - koşasın - let him run
bulmak - to find - bula - let him find
çıkmak - to leave - çıkalım - lets go!
kaçmak - to escape, to leave - kaçasınız - off you go!
korkmak - to be afraid - korkalar - let them fear
Stems ending in vowels
In the case of verb stems which end in a vowel -(including all negative verbs) - then -ye or -ya is used - (buffer letter -y)aramak - to look for - arayalım - [ara -ya -lım] - let us look for (it)
beklemek - to wait, to expect - bekleyeyim - [bekle -ye -yim] - let me wait etc.
The Negative Form of all the above then become:
gitmemek - not to go - gitmeyelim - lets not go
bakmamak - not to look - Ahmet mektubu bakmaya - Let Ahmet not look at the letter
-This is not an order but a wish - Hopefully Ahmet will not look at the letter, but
bulmamak - not to find - bulmayalar - Hopefully they won't find it.
beklememek - not to wait - beklemeyeyim - I'd better not wait.
Subjuctive - Interrogative
The Interrogative Particle mi? or mı? is written separately but obeys Vowel Harmony Rules:geleyim mi? - should I come (too)?
yürüyelim mi? - should we walk?
yürümeyelim mi? - shouldn't we walk?
gideler mi? - Should they go (then)?
Subjunctive - Past Tense
The Past tense of the Subjunctive Mood gives the sense of: I wish that I had, If only we had, etc. And the negative: I wish that I hadn't, If only they hadn't.etc. Then adding the Definite Past Tense personal endings the to Subjunctive Mood base we arrive at:gideydim [gide -idim] - if only I had gone
Ahmet gelmeyeydi [gelmeye -idi] - If only Ahmet hadn't come (along) - The spelling gelmiyeydi is also found.
arayaydık [araya -idik] - If only we had looked for (it)
