They express the adverbial form of the verbs and Turkish is particularly rich of.
We already met a few of them. Do you remember the adverbial clauses ...(i)ken in Lesson 44 and ...ir .....mez in Lesson 50 ?
There are other forms based either on the infinitive stem or the infinitive tense itself.
Before we analyze them in more details, listen to this passage first.
VOCABULARY/VOCABOLARIO
Geçen yaz: Last summer - la scorsa estate
Sahil, kıyı: Shore,seafront- spiaggia, lungomare,costa
Yola çıkmak:To depart, to leave, to set off - partire
Mola: break - pausa
yorulmadan: Without getting tired - senza stancarsi
Atlamak: To jump - saltare
Vazgeçmek: To give up - fare a meno, rinunciare
Tam o sirada: At the very moment - esattamente in quel momento
Ses: Voice - voce
Imdat! : Help! - Aiuto! (esclamazione)
Bağırmak: To shout - urlare
Hızla: Quickly, rapidly - velocemente
Kurtarmak: To rescue, to save - salvare
Ismarlamak: To order (food, drink...) - ordinare, offrire
Yürüyüş yapmak: To go for a walk, to take a stroll - fare due passi, passeggiare
Koşmak: To run - correre
Dalmak: To dive - tuffarsi
Acıktım: To be hungry - avere fame
GRAMMATICAL NOTES
Without getting back to what I mentioned at the beginning of this lesson let's go now a little bit more into details about other forms of gerunds in Turkish.
The are fomed by using specifc suffixes we are going to see below.
GERUND PATTERNS
consecutive-conjunctive
This gerundive if formed by attaching the following suffixes to the infinitive stem:
-(y)ip, -(y)ıp, -(y)up , -(y)üp (remeber that vowel harmony applies here)
This pattern correspond to the English construction : And,...and then
Examples:
Kedi eti kapıp kaçtı : The cat grabbed the meat and run away
Para alıp gitti: He took the money and left.
Subsequential
This gerund has the same function as " Since" in English.
It obtained by attaching th suffixes -(y)eli, -(y)alı to the ınfınıtıve stem.
Remember that here applies the vowel harmony.
Examples:
Istanbul'dan ayrılalı iki yıl oldu: It has been two years since I left Istanbul
Italyaya gideli iki hafta oldu: It has been two weeks since I went to Italy
Coordinating
This gerund hs the same function as ....-ing, by.......ing in English.
Expresses a secondary action while the main one is in progress.
Is obtained by attaching the suffixes -(y)erek, -(y)arak to the infinitive stem.
Examples:
Ali elini sallayarak beni selamladı: Ali greeted me by waving his hand.
Selin işe yürüyerek gidiyor: Selin goes to work on feet.
end of Part 1.
