In this passage a customer shows up at the hotel reception asking for a room.
Listen to this passage:
- Affedersiniz, danışma memuru siz misiniz?
- Evet efendim buyurun.
- İstanbul'a biraz önce geldim. Üç gün için bir oda istiyorum.
- Tek kişilik mi?
- Evet yalnızım.
- Odanız üçüncü katta 45 numara.
- Teşekkür ederim ama simdi Amerikan Konsolosluğu'na gidiyorum.Bir Taksi çağrır mısınız lütfen?
- Tabii şimdi çağrıyorum.
Vocabulary/Vocabolario
Müşteri: Customer, client - cliente
Danışma memuru: receptionist - addetto alla reception
Biraz önce: A while ago, shortly before - da poco, poco fa
Yalnız: Alone- da solo
Kat: Floor - piano
Tek kişilik: for one person, single room - camera singola
Çağırmak: Ask for, call - chiamare, far arrivare (nel caso di un mezzo)
Çağırmak: Ask for, call - chiamare, far arrivare (nel caso di un mezzo)
Konsolos: Consul
Konsolosluk: Consulate
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GRAMMATICAL NOTES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
NEGATIVE FORM, INTERROGATIVE FORM AND SIMPLE PAST SUFFIXES
The negative form of the verb TO BE is obtained by placing the term " değil" after the pronoun, noun, adverb, adjective and then attaching the personal suffixes.
To make things clear let's have a look to the following examples:
I am not: Ben değil + im Ben değilim
You are not a teacher: Sen öğretmen değil + sin Sen öğretmen değilsin.
She is not a student : O öğrenci değil + dir O öğrenci değildir
They are not doctors: Onlar doktor değil + ler Onlar doktor değiller
It is very simple and the rule applies in the same way to all persons.
INTERROGATIVE FORM
The interrogative form of TO BE is obtained by placing one of the question particles mi, mı, mu, mü right after the the pronoun, noun, adverb or adjective and attaching to personal suffix.
Bear in mind that the choice of the question particles occurs in accordance with the vowel harmony rule.
The following examples will make things clear:
Am I? Ben + mi + (y)im? Ben miyim? (remember that "y" has the euphonic function of liaising two vowels).
Are you on holiday? Siz tatilde +mi + siniz? Siz tatilde misiniz?
Are we on the way? Biz yolda + mı + (y)ız?
As you can see the interrogative form is quite simple to understand.
Again don't forget that the question particle you have to pick up must go by the vowel harmony rule hence it is related to the dominant (final) vowel of the pronoun, adjective or adverb.
INTERROGATIVE-NEGATIVE FORM
This form is obtained by placing the negative particle "değil" after the pronoun, noun, adverb or adjective and the group "question particle+ personal suffix"
A few examples will clear doubts.
Am I not a soldier?: Ben asker değil miyim?
Aren't you lazy?: Siz tembel değil misiniz?
Aren't we busy?: Biz meşgul değil miyiz?
Aren't they? : Onlar değil midir (ler)?
It is important to highlight here that the group " question particle+ personal suffix remains unchanged as the vowel harmony is linked to the dominant (final) vowel of the negative particle "değil"( i >> i)
SIMPLE PAST OF TO BE.
This tense is obtained by attaching to pronouns, nouns, adjectives and adverbs particular suffixes.
Also in the formation of the simple past tense the choice of suffixes goes by the vowel harmony rule.
The following chart will better explain this:
Pronouns conjugation
Ben -(i)dim: I was
Sen -(i)din: You were
O -(i)di: He, she, it was
Biz -(i)dik: We were
Siz -(i)diniz: You were
Onlar -dılar: They were
CASES
1)Dominant (final) vowel: e - i
Adjective/noun conjugation
Same suffixes as the pronouns (see chart above)
If the adjective/noun ends by one of these consonants t, ş, k, p, ç, f, h, s the suffixes mutates its initial d in t.
This mutation occurs to all cases regardless the dominant (final) vowel.
A few examples will help better understand this rule.
The room was clean: Oda temizdi (temiz+di) (3rd person singular suffix)
The gardens were large: Bahçeler geniştiler (geniş+ tiler) (3r person plural suffix)
2)Dominant (final) vowel: a - ı
suffixes:
-(ı) dım
-(ı) dın
-(ı) dı
-(ı) dık
-(ı) dınız
-(ı) dılar
If the adjective/noun ends by one of these consonants t, ş, k, p, ç, f, h, s the suffixes mutates its initial d in t.
3)Dominant (final) vowel: o - u
-(u) dum
-(u) dun
-(u) du
-(u) duk
-(u) dunuz
-(u) dular
If the adjective/noun ends by one of these consonants t, ş, k, p, ç, f, h, s the suffixes mutates its initial d in t.
4)Dominant (final) vowel: ö - ü
-(ü) düm
-(ü) dün
-(ü) dü
-(ü) dük
-(ü) dünüz
-(ü) dülar
If the adjective/noun ends by one of these consonants t, ş, k, p, ç, f, h, sthe suffixes mutates its initial d in t.
A few examples wıll help you have a clearer picture
I was alone: Ben yalnızdım
You were fair: Sen dürüsttün (this is a case of mutation of d into t as dürüst ends by t.In this case the consonant is doubled)
She was my friend: O arkadaşımdı
You were pilots: Siz pilotudunuz
-(ü) dün
-(ü) dü
-(ü) dük
-(ü) dünüz
-(ü) dülar
If the adjective/noun ends by one of these consonants t, ş, k, p, ç, f, h, sthe suffixes mutates its initial d in t.
A few examples wıll help you have a clearer picture
I was alone: Ben yalnızdım
You were fair: Sen dürüsttün (this is a case of mutation of d into t as dürüst ends by t.In this case the consonant is doubled)
She was my friend: O arkadaşımdı
You were pilots: Siz pilotudunuz
NOTE: THESE SUFFIXES ARE IN GENERAL USED TO CONJUGATE ALL THE VERBS IN SIMPLE PAST.WE WILL SEE MORE IN A DEDICATE LESSON
