LISTEN THIS PASSAGE THEN REPEAT AND MEMORIZE NEW WORDS:
"Şimdi okuldasınız. Okuldan çıkın ve sola dönün.Biraz ileride trafik ışığı var. Trafik ışığından sağa dönün biraz yürüyün.Sonra ilk yoldan sola dönün ve doğru gidin.Bu Atatürk Bulvarı'dır. Sağ tarafta,köşede,bir postane var.Postaneden sağa dönün ve doğru gidin.Sol tarafta Iş Bankası var. Onu geçin ve dogru gidin.Sağ tarafta ilk büyük bina kütüphanedir."
In this passage we will be focusing on the INFINITIVE TENSE and the use of the IMPERATIVE MODE.
In Turkish all verbs are regular and end by -MEK or -MAK depending on the dominant vowel.
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~GRAMMATICAL NOTES~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Dönmek : This verb means " To return", "To come back". It ends by -MEK since the dominant vovel is "ö" which is also the last vovel that determines the final suffix in accordance with the vowel harmony.
The ending of the infinitive will therefore be -MEK when the dominant (final) vowel is one of the following: i - e - ö - ü
Almak: this verb means "To take" and ends by -MAK since the dominant (final) vowel is "a". In accordance with the vowel harmony rule, the ending of the infinitive is -MAK if the dominant (final) vowel is one of the following: a - ı - o - u.
The IMPERATIVE mode refers to the 2nd person singular and plural and is obtained as follows:
2nd person singular: root of the infinitive without -MEK or -MAK
2nd person plural: root of the infinitive + one of the following suffixes depending on the dominant (final) vovel:
- in - ün (-yün) - un (-yun) - ın (INFORMAL)
The "y" is used to separate the final vovel when the infinitive root end by "u" or "ü".
The formal mood of the imperative is obtained by adding the suffixes - (y)ünüz , (y)unuz , -iz , -ız again bearing in mind the rule of the vowel harmony.
EXAMPLES:
To go (andare): Gitmek
IMPERATIVE 2nd person singular: GIT
IMPERATIVE 2nd person plural: GİDİN - GİDİNİZ ( formal)
To write (scrivere): Yazmak
IMPERATIVE 2nd person singular: YAZ
IMPERATIVE 2nd person plural: YAZIN - YAZINIZ (formal)
Vocabolario/Vocabulary
Trafik ışığı: Traffic light - semaforo
Şimdi: now, in this moment - ora, adesso, in questo momento
Geçmek: To pass by - Passare, attraversare.
Kütüphane: Library - Biblioteca
Doğru: straight - diritto (direzione)
